Usually bank’s loan portfolios contain hopeless and poorly paid-back loans, which are called “non-performing” loans. Such loans are written off into a bank’s expenses. Both losses from non-performing loans and written off loans give the bank its total loan loss. According to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), the bank writes a loan onto its expenses and shows it on the balance sheet as “non performing loan” in next cases:
Bank has sent reminders to the borrower, and there is no response Bank has sued a case against the borrower to a court Borrower’s bankruptcy bankrupt
Most financial institutions have internal credit rating systems. These systems form an important part of their infrastructure for managing credit risks. Such systems are the starting point for a determining the level of interest rates and credit limits on an individual exposure bases; on portfolio basis, they are used in simulations to qualify credit risks and to calculate the capital required for internal management purpose.
An example of classification of loans and their risk levels:
No essential risk – Extremely high degree of certain of repayment Negligible risk – High degree of certain of repayment Some risk – Sufficient degree of repayment Better than average risk- There is certainty of repayment, but substantial changes in the environment in the future may have some impact on this certainty Average risk – There are no problems in foreseeable in the future, but a strong like hood of impact from changes in the environment Tolerable risk – There are no problems in foreseeable in the future, but the future cannot be considered entirely safe Lower than average risk – There are no problems at the current time, but the financial position of the borrower is relatively weak Needs to preventive management – There are problems with lending terms or fulfilment, the borrower’s business condition are weak or unstable, or there are other factor requiring careful management Needs serious management – The borrower is in serious financial straits and “effectively bankrupt”
Generally, loans to borrowers who are “in danger of bankruptcy” and those who are in the “bankrupt” and “de facto bankrupt” categories are defined as non-performing loans. When this situation occurs it is hard for lenders, especially when the collateral market value is now less than the given amount of the loan before. Thus, even the bank forecloses the collateral:
In the bank’s balance sheet the value of the property is less than given amount of loan There is unpaid loan with interest There will be additional costs for the bank to hold, manage and market the property
Archive for March, 2009
Non-Performing Real Estate Loans
Friday, March 27th, 2009Mortgage Marketing – The Next Great Real Estate Loan Bubble And How To Profit From The Boom
Thursday, March 12th, 2009
First there was the refinance boom–historic super low rates where every loan was a vanilla slam dunk. Quick and easy cash and the loans sailed through unscathed.
Then came the regular ARMs–because rates were rising and people still wanted those low “bragging rights” rates. They simply had to have a rate below 5% so they could one-up the Joneses at the next BBQ and prove how smart they were.
Next were the 4-payment plan loans and option ARMs–because people wanted flexibility and needed to keep their monthly payments low but still wanted the big house. Who cares if these were possibly indexed to a foreign exchange (The LIBOR) and extremely volatile?! With a choice of four payments every month what could go wrong?
Then there were the interest-only loans which became very popular–heck the rich and famous have known about these for years. They only pay interest and invest the extra equity in the stock market instead of paying the principal money to the bank. It’s the ultimate leverage. But the interest-only loans came with a dark side–negative amortization. People didn’t exactly know what they were getting themselves into. They wanted to play fund manager and, of course, they wanted low monthly payments. Little did they realize they might find themselves hanging up-side down with negative equity at the time of sale.
Silently, the reverse mortgages trickled in–because rates were rising, oil prices went up, inflation increased costs, and seniors couldn’t afford their medication. With their house being the only thing they had left, people figured if I got it, why not spend it? The nursing home would just try to get their grubby hands on it anyway. Hell no to that!
Next came the “cut off your ARM despite your rate” crowd and the panic of a volatile economy. “You better get into a fixed rate before it’s too late”, being their mantra. That’s where we are today since many of the early ARM’s from 3 to 7 years ago are now coming due. It’s funny, you’ll hear these ads all over the radio, trying to get people to convert. Some even use scare tactics with amusing roller coaster sounds and racks being stretched in the background. How creative!
The next great mortgage boom, I predict, will be the fixed 40 and 50 year mortgage. Many of you who I’ve spoken to on the phone and through email, have said the very same thing.
Look for more mortgage innovation to come as rates continue to rise. With inflated pricing in the housing market, longer fixed loans are the only way to keep rates low enough for many people to qualify for a home. Not to mention that people seem to like the idea of having a fixed payment per month versus any of the ARM options.
Keep in mind that many borrowers never intend to stay in the property for the full term of the loan, and will probably sell long before. Heck, a 70 year old taking out a 50 year mortgage won’t even be alive by then! He’ll be 120 years old! But the lenders don’t care as long as he pays his bills.
Currently, there are only a few lenders offering loans with these terms, but be on the look out for many more to come. Mortgage lenders have always been creative with their financing and keeping interest rates low (no matter what the term) is a great benefit for consumers. It helps get people into homes and that’s what counts. Keeping the real estate market liquid is crucial to the economy and lenders know this!
As a broker, branch manager or loan officer, if you want to survive in this competitive and cutthroat market, you’ve got to be aware of what’s in store. My advice is to focus on the ARM conversions for now but keep an eye out for the 40 and 50 year fixed loans arriving everywhere shortly. Only then will you be in a position to capitalize on the next great mortgage boom.


